Document Details
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Document Type |
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Thesis |
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Document Title |
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Design and Synthesis of Metallic and Bimetallic Nano-catalysts for Photodegradation and Organic Transformations تصميم وتحضير حفازات متناهية الصغر من المعادن ومعادن ثنائية للحفز الضوئي والتحولات العضوية |
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Subject |
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Faculty of Sciences |
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Document Language |
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Arabic |
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Abstract |
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Nano-catalysts, being important components in certain chemical reactions, are lost due to improper handling in the recovery process. Since most of the catalysts are based on noble metal nanoparticles which are quite expensive, they must be re-used to adjust their high cost. The main aim of this research work was to introduce new catalysts as well as their efficient recovery from the reaction systems. In this regard, high surface area polymeric substrates for immobilization of the catalysts have been utilized. This investigation demonstrates the synthesis, structural and morphological characterization of transition or rare-earth metal based nanomaterials and their potential application in organic synthesis, organic transformations and photocatalytic water decontamination while degrading organic contaminants. To achieve the objectives, lanthanum-tin (La-Sn), Zinc selenide-iron selenide (ZnSe-FeSe), zerovalent silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) nanomaterials were prepared by sol-gel and microwave oven methods. The synthesized materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, powder x-ray crystallography, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, brunauer-emmet-teller, fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, crystalline and amorphous cyclohexanones formed in the organic synthesis of aromatic aldehydes and ethyl acetoacetate were confirmed by single crystal x-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. To address the issue of catalyst retrievability, whatman filter paper composed of pure cellulose, cellulose acetate sheets or fibers and bacterial cellulose films were used as supporting materials. La-Sn was used in the synthesis of cyclohexanones, whereas, Ag and Cu zerovalent nanoparticles were used for organic transformations of nitrophenols into aminophenols by using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent and ZnSe-FeSe was applied as a photocatalyst for the degradation of dyes namely; acridine orange, indigo carmine and methylene blue. The effects of supported and unsupported nanocatalysts on the kinetics and yield of vital and health improving compounds, organic transformations and photocatalytic degradation were also evaluated and UV-visible spectroscopy was used to assess the organic transformation, kinetics and photocatalytic activity of nanomaterials. The promising results were observed by the synthesized nanomaterials with respect to their specific applications, moreover, the recovery and reusability of catalysts were described by repeating the reactions under similar conditions. It was also observable that these supported catalysts can perform efficiently in protic and aprotic solvents, which was attributed to the chemical resistant nature of cellulose, bacterial cellulose and cellulose acetate towards these solvents that makes them economically feasible, naturally abundant and potential candidates in the field of nanocatalysis. |
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Supervisor |
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Prof. Dr. Abdullah Muhammad Asiri |
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Thesis Type |
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Doctorate Thesis |
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Publishing Year |
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1438 AH
2017 AD |
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Co-Supervisor |
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Dr. Sher Bahader Khan |
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Added Date |
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Thursday, June 1, 2017 |
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Researchers
| اكرام أحمد أحمد | Ahmad, Ikram Ahmad | Researcher | Doctorate | |
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