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Document Type |
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Thesis |
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Document Title |
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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE SOUTHERN CORNICHE OF JEDDAH USING REMOTE SENSING, GIS AND FIELD STUDY تقييم بيئي للكورنيش الجنوبي لجدة بإستخدامالإستشعار عن بعد ونظام المعلومات الجغرافية والعمل الحقلي |
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Subject |
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Faculty of Marine Sciences - Marine Geology |
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Document Language |
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Arabic |
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Abstract |
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During the last three decades human interference with the environment has changed the outlook of the Southern Corniche of Jeddah (SCJ). Satellite images acquired from the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) 2010, Thematic Mapper (TM) 1990, Multi-spectral scanner (MSS) 1973 and Ikonos image of 2009 were used to detect of the nearshore zone degradation and to assess environmental changes induced by human activities. The visual interpretation of these images revealed a great change in the shoreline and in coral reef habitats. The reef flats were filled and the coastal land was cut for the purpose of expanding the seaport platforms and constructing of coastal road. This study revealed changes in mangroves as indicated by the loss and stunted growth of mangroves, which is likely due to human activities and high salinity.
Benthic foraminifera (BF) were investigated in SCJ, to determine their spatial distribution and the most common environmental variables that influence this distribution. 63 sediment samples from the SCJ were found to be rich in BF. Their faunal density and diversity in backshore ranged from 62 to 3000 specimens/g and from 12 to 35 species per sample respectively. In the offshore, the faunal density and diversity varied between of 38 and 2185 specimens/g and between 15 and 46 species per sample respectively. Both faunal density and diversity increased and co-varied in the fore-reef area, indicating favorable environmental conditions. Highest abundances with relatively decline in diversities compared to the diversities in the offshore zone recorded in tidal-flat area,indicating slightly stress environmental conditions. Faunal data were used to divide the SCJ into two major ecological niches. Samples of the first niche (offshoreI) that are rich in deep symbiont assemblage (e.g.,Amphisteginalessonii-Assilinaammonoides). Samples of the second niche (backshoreII) that aredominated by shallow symbiont-bearing assemblage (e.g., Coscinospirahemprichii-Peneroplisplanates).
Live specimens of BF (L/D ratio) were recorded in the vicinity of sewage discharge point and mangrove area with high percentages (17%), which are dominated by stress-tolerant taxa such as A. tepidaand Q. seminula, andcompose ~34% of total live BF. Abnormal tests of BF recorded of 9% in bottom sediments near of sewage discharged point. This strongly suggests that pH, salinity, temperature and heavy metals (e.g.,Pb, Ni, Cu and Fe) are responsible for the abnormalities in foraminiferal tests. |
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Supervisor |
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Dr. Rashad A. Bantan |
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Thesis Type |
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Master Thesis |
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Publishing Year |
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1433 AH
2012 AD |
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Co-Supervisor |
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Dr. Ramadan H. Abu-Zied |
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Added Date |
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Sunday, April 8, 2012 |
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Researchers
| طلحة أحمد الدبعي | Al-Dubai, Talha Ahmed | Researcher | Master | |
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